Your skin is your body's largest organ and its protective barrier. Skin conditions are incredibly common, affecting over 85% of people at some point in their lives. Here are 10 of the most common skin conditions and how they're treated.
1. Acne
The most common skin condition worldwide, affecting teenagers and adults alike. Caused by excess oil, clogged pores, bacteria, and inflammation. Treatments range from topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide to oral antibiotics and isotretinoin for severe cases.
2. Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
A chronic inflammatory condition causing dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. Often starts in childhood and may persist into adulthood. Managed with moisturisers, topical steroids, and newer biologics (dupilumab) for severe cases.
3. Psoriasis
An autoimmune condition causing rapid skin cell turnover, leading to thick, scaly plaques. Managed with topical treatments, phototherapy, and systemic immunosuppressants or biologics for moderate-to-severe cases.
4. Melasma
Hyperpigmentation triggered by sun exposure and hormonal changes. Common in Indian women. Treated with sun protection, topical brightening agents (kojic acid, niacinamide), and chemical peels or Q-switch laser in combination.
5. Rosacea
A chronic condition causing facial redness, visible blood vessels, and acne-like bumps. Triggers include sun, heat, alcohol, and spicy food. Managed with topical metronidazole, azelaic acid, and laser therapy for redness.
6. Fungal Infections
Ringworm, athlete's foot, and fungal nail infections are all caused by dermatophytes. Treated with topical or oral antifungal medications.
7. Contact Dermatitis
Skin reaction to allergens or irritants (fragrances, metals, detergents). Treated by identifying and avoiding the trigger, plus topical steroids for acute flares.
8. Urticaria (Hives)
Itchy, raised welts triggered by allergens, medications, or unknown causes. Treated with antihistamines. Chronic urticaria may require specialist evaluation.
9. Vitiligo
Loss of skin pigment causing white patches. An autoimmune condition affecting melanocytes. Treatments include topical tacrolimus, phototherapy (NB-UVB), and newer JAK inhibitor creams.
10. Seborrheic Dermatitis
Scaly, flaky patches on oily areas of the scalp, face, and chest. The scalp form is known as dandruff. Treated with medicated shampoos containing ketoconazole or zinc pyrithione.
When to see a doctor: Any new skin lesion that changes in size, colour, or shape; persistent rashes that don't respond to OTC treatment; or any skin symptom that significantly affects your quality of life warrants a dermatologist visit.